15 methods (same protocol, same experimental conditions, etc.), but with independent data, while entailing similar results. Replicability is one of the means for ensuring the robustness of research. SUSTAINABILITY The notion of “sustainability,” preferred over that of “sustainable development” due to the latter’s controversial and paradoxical nature, refers to the ability to maintain viable human living conditions over time. It is based on the link between the preservation of the environment, social justice, and economic robustness. It aims to build a future that is compatible with the Earth’s biophysical limits – entailing, for instance, the responsible management of natural resources and the protection of ecosystems (Rockström et al., 2009) – as well as with the satisfaction of fundamental human needs, such as access to healthcare, quality education, freedom of speech, and gender equality (Raworth, 2017). It intends for human societies to be organized according to principles of sustainability and equity for present and future generations (Renouard et al., 2020). This vision is in line with that carried by the United Nations, especially through its 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its Sustainable Development Goals, which call for a systemic transformation of production, consumption, and governance models, in order to promote inclusive and resilient societies that respect planetary boundaries. Thus, sustainability is not limited to the quest for a static equilibrium between the environmental, social, and economic spheres but involves a deep transformation of lifestyles and institutions, aimed at environmental and social justice on a global scale.
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